The Rise and Evolution of Wind Tower Designs in Egypt and the Middle East

Throughout history, vernacular architecture has sought to provide inhabitants with comfort, using local materials and techniques while drawing inspiration from the culture. This goal helped natural passive environmental building emerge, evolve, develop. Even though we are increasingly dependent on mechanical ventilation cooling solutions, in favor due global climate challenges drive toward sustainable construction. One of most well-known is windcatcher, or wind tower, as it known Middle East (also a malqaf Egypt). Windcatchers, which appeared Egypt during Pharaonic era, were also present other Eastern countries such Iran Iraq, they differed design materials. research aims extract, analyze, compare windcatchers throughout historical eras across three main eras: ancient, medieval, modern. study thus provides timeline for developing these systems, demonstrating how integrated into over millennia. investigates differences models, including their shapes, number sides, orientation, correlates them climatic architectural conditions. The results highlight that towers corresponded prevailing directions needs connected spaces. Furthermore, findings question effectiveness appropriateness some modern incorporations towers, borrow precedents.